Oil.



T 0 all whom it may concern} Be it known that I, WILLIAM N. BLAKE- MAN, Jr., a citizen of the United States, and resident of the borough of Manhattan, in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oils, which invention is fully set forth in the following specification. u

The objectof this invention is to produce an oil vehicle which shall be particularly applicable for use with those pigments which carry no water in combination and were formerly knowinas anhydrous, but which. may also be designated as pigments containing no not form satisfactory compounds, are deficient in spreading power, and are very slow in drying, whenground in the usual oil vehicle and Dutch lead, in consequence .of its quick formation-of a saponaceous compound-"due 'to the hydrated oxid of lead which it carries in combmat1onhas, heretofore, beenregarded as the only white pigment suit able for use as a sole basis for paint.

I have discovered that commercial linseed and other oilscan be so treated that all pigments ordinarily deficient in spreading power shall, when ground therein and applied as paints, form satisfactory compounds, spread rapidly in all respects equal to the, combi nation of white lea-d in linseed oil.- This I accomplish by incorporating with the oil a hydrated fatty agent.

' I carry out my process withconnnercial linseed oil, or other oil (animal or vegetable), a hydrated agent coman oil or fat,'in a state of hydration.

To form my hydrated fatty agent I take linseed oil for example. and hydrate it, which may be done in several ways:

First. It maybe exposed in shallowvessels, with broad surfaces, to the action of air and light, until it has been sufficiently hydrated, which may require several months, the time depending upon climatic conditions. To

test the oil, the film test may be resorted to. \Yhen from one to two per cent. of the oil so treated is incorporated with 100 arts of commercial-linseed oil and this veiele ground with 240 parts of either lead sulfate or sublimed lead, with the usual quantity of liquid drier, and, being spl'ead as a paint, it follows the brush in a smooth homogeneous and uniform film, does not run, crack or craze, and

hydroxyl. Pigments free from hydroxyl doin a smooth uniform and elastic film, and dry by incorporating I posed of an oil or fat, or a fatty derlvative of Specification of Letters Patent.

to stand for several days, in the light, for 100' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE."

OIL.

Patented Mareh31, 1908.

Application filed January 24, 1905. Serial No. 242,505;

dries infrom 3 to 5 hours, accordmg to climatic conditions, the oil may be deemed in a satisfactory state for use as a hydrated agent for the vehicle and pigment used, and the hydration process may be arrested.v

Second. The oil may be placed in vessels having broad surfaces and these vessels'suspended over a body of water, with a covering suit ably-arranged to retain a vaporons atmose5- phere in contact with the oil. This will shorten the process to a few weeks.

Third. The oil may be placed .in' vessels having broad surfaces, with about one per cent. of water distributed on the bottom, and these vessels exposedto light and the oil agitated at intervals until the water has been absorbe't'l and combined in the oil[ This method may also require a few-weeks, but

may be shortened to 6 or'S days if the vessels '75 be exposed to continuous bright sunlight.

Fourth. The oil may be heated in a vessel, suitably arranged for observation, at a term peratureof about M0 Fahr. with one per cent. of distilled water distributed on the bot- 83 tom in as small lobules as possible to increase contact-area. The water will soon take on the appearance of encystment, and I use gentle agitationto break up the encystation as fast as itforms, until all has been ab- 85 sorbed and combined in the-mass of'oil, which will take from 8 to 10 hours.

,Fifth. The oil may be first oxidized by heating the raw oil on oxidizers; or by submitting it, with heat, to the action of pure oxygen under pressure; or by passing through it,with heat. thoroughly dried air; orby adding to it a percentage of highly oxidized, or boiled oil of comnerce; and then when the oil has been so oxidized to any degree desired, it may be hydrated in any of the ways above described. v After hydration, the oil may be used immediately as a hydrated agent,;but if allowed blending or aging, it will be found advantageous.

I nowincorporate from one to two per cent. of this highly hydrated oil, raw or oxidized, with commercial linseed, or otheig oil, (with which it is miscible) and such vehicle is then ready to receive the pigment.

Any animal or vegetable oil or fat, or a fatty derivative thereof, such as oleic acid, stearic acid. or their glycerids, stearin, olein and the like, may be hydrated and used as a hydrated agent in carrying out my invention:

but I prefer to use either hydrated linseed oil or hydrated tung oil. Commercial linseed, tung or other oil (animal or ve etable), treated with a hydrated agent as a ove de- .scribed-,',will. not be appreciably affected in fluidity, and ananalysis of the same will show the presence thereiir of'a hydrated fatty acid or acids-not found in fresh commercial oil. Oil so treated with a hydrated agent will be fo'i'nd "to form a satisfactory com ound'with,.and impart spreading ower to, a l'pigments which ordinanlyare deficient in spreading power when ground in oil.

' Among the pigments which may be' used,

. carbonate, and the like.

commercial linseed oil having a hydrated fatty agent combined therewith as above described, when ground with 240 parts of sulfate of lead, or 240 parts of zinco-sulfate of lead,-or 80 parts each of lead sulfate and zinc either sin ly or in combination, are lead sulfate, lea sulfite, anhydrous carbonate of .lead, sublimed lead. (also 'calle'doxysulfa te or, 'zinco-sulfate of lead) zinc oXid, zinc sulfid, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calclum carbonate, strontium sulfate, strontium oXiC. and spread as a paint- (with the usual quantity of liquid drier) will follow the brush I in a smooth and uniform film, in all respects in, commercial oil, and will cl t and flock and tend to defeat the process. iom one to two per cent. of a fatty agent hydrated with one per cent. of water, will be found sufficient for nearly all the pigments named, although 1n lated in practice.

ments the agent should be hydrated wit 'a' Thus, parts of making some combinations of oxids, carbonates and other saltsymore may-be re' quired'a matter which can be easily regu- For use with zinc igslightly larger, percentage of water than is necessary for lead pigments, or else a larger percentage of the hydrated agent should be used in the oil vehicle.- 7 I The most remarkable hydrated oil which may be used as an agent i hydrated tung oil.

One per cent. of tun oil, hydrated with from one half to five eight s-ofone percent. of water, or one half of one per cent. of tung oil hydrated with from 1'5; tohfper cent. of water, incorporated with' fresh linseed oil, will ive a beautiful smooth and creamyfilm W en ground with any of the pigments named. The tung oil may be hydrated by .any'of the methods above described for linseed oil, but

its behavior under treatment will be founddifferent,'as no encystation occurs when it is eXposed,'or heated, with water.

Two or more oils, drying or non-drying, may be combined to form a vehicle, if desired. Heat, pressure, and-agitation may be used at any stage'of the process if deemed advisable.

-I do not herein claim a paintcompound .made as, herein described, the same being vclaimedin my application No." 3011568, filed February 17, 1906.

Having thus'fully described my invention, I claim: 4 Y

1. A compound or mixture of a drying fatty oil and a hydrated fatty agent.

2. A compound or mixture of a drying fatty oil-and a hydrated oil.

3. A compound or, mixture of linseed oil and hydrated tungoil.

.WM. N. 'BLAKEMAN, JR.

Witnesses: l i

FRANCIS P. REILLY, 0114s. A. KANE. 

